What must be ensured during the disinfection process to effectively kill pathogens?

Ensuring direct contact between the disinfectant and the item being disinfected is crucial for the effective killing of pathogens. When a disinfectant is applied to a surface, it must come into direct contact with bacteria, viruses, fungi, or other microorganisms present on that surface. This contact allows the active ingredients in the disinfectant to penetrate the cellular structures of the pathogens, leading to their inactivation or destruction.

Disinfectants often need a specific "contact time," which is the period that the disinfectant must remain wet on a surface to achieve maximum efficacy. If the disinfectant does not have adequate contact time due to inadequate application or insufficient volume, its ability to kill pathogens will be compromised. Therefore, ensuring that the disinfectant fully contacts the item being disinfected is a foundational principle of effective infection control practices in a nursing home environment.